general outputs table

Use this page to help decide what is needed at the output by comparing oscillation needs against power needs.


	High Power Output Needs a transistor	Low Power Output
Oscillating	Speaker for Alarm Buzzer (slow pulse) Relay (slow pulse)	Slow Flashing LEDs
Not Oscillating	Car Alarm Relay (no pulse) Low Power Motor	Music Chip


Amplified Output to a Speaker Oscillating - at 1000 hz R4 = 22 000 ohms C2 = .01 uF Speaker for Alarm


Amplified Output to a Buzzer Oscillating - at 1 hz. R4 = 2.2 M ohms C2 = .1 uF Buzzer with slow pulse

Relay
Amplified Output to a Relay
Oscillating - at 1 hz.
(relays are mechanical and less expensive ones are not built for fast action)
R4 = 2.2 M ohms C2 = .1 uF

Best used in


1.	Car alarms with identifiable slow oscillation
2.	120 volt circuit (Christmas lights)
3.	Non Oscillating toy motor circuits, instead of direct connection to pin 10. This option presents easy rewiring - the power to the motor is routed through the relay

The Diode is necessary. There is a close relationship between electric current and magnetism. As the current flows towards ground, a magnetic field expands, creating an electromagnet that closes a switch. When the electricity is turned off, the collapsing magnetic field actually pushes the current backwards. The reversed diode across the relay helps to control the backwards surge of current and voltage pressure created by the collapsing electromagnetic field. If it is not in place, the transistor would quickly burn out.

**Low Power motor**
**Not Oscillating**
	Electric motors use electricity and also generate electricity. Try this with the motor outside of the circuit, if you are interested. Connect the DMM across the motor lead and spin the shaft. First one way, than the other. The motor also uses current and magnetic fields to create movement. The reversed diode across the small motor helps to control the backwards pressure of the extra voltage created by the motor. If it is not in place, the transistor would quickly burn out. A RELAY would provide much better results for any small motor

Low Power Outputs like LEDs and Music Chips


	Used for low power output with oscillation.
No Oscillation	how to Remove the Oscillation: modify the basic wiring on the bread board to remove RC II. Connect pins 1 & 2 together and remove R3, R4 & C2 Used for low power output with no oscillation. Unless of course you want to hear the first 2 seconds of the chip's tune restart over and over until RC1 times off.
Remove the Music Chip from a Greeting Card. Don't break any wires. be sure the two sides of the physical switch are connected. Examine the battery holder. Note which side is connected to ground of the battery remove the battery from the music chip. Connect the ground side to pin 10. If the sound comes out very scratchy, place 2 or 3 LEDs in line with the music chip, as shown. They use up Voltage, dropping it down to where the music chip can use it.